The charming and peaceful village street of Swainby, divided by its treelined stream, gives few hints of its dramatic past. It owes its existence to tragedy, the coming of plague – the Black Death – in the 14th century, when the inhabitants of the original village, just up the hill at Whorlton, deserted their homes and moved here. There may already have been a few houses here as Swainby means 'the village of the land workers', and is recorded in the 13th century. In the 19th century Swainby was shocked out of its peaceful, rural existence by the opening of the ironstone mines in Scugdale. The village took on many of the aspects of an American frontier town, becoming full of miners and their equipment, and awash with their smoke and clatter.

Jet propelled

As well as ironstone, jet was mined in the Swainby area in the 19th century, including on Whorl Hill, which you will walk around. Most of the jet pits were small, employing no more than a dozen men, but they could be very profitable, especially during the boom time for jet, encouraged by the example of Queen Victoria's black mourning jewellery. Like coal, jet is fossilised wood. It comes in two types, hard and soft; hard jet was probably formed in sea water and soft jet in fresh water. It has been prized for more than 3,000 years, and was known to the Celts as Freya's Tears. Because it is easy to work and takes a fine polish, jet workshops could turn out large quantities of jewellery relatively quickly. Although some jet objects are still made, especially in Whitby, the industry had virtually died out by the 1920s.

Church and castle

The path from Whorl Hill takes us into the deserted village of Whorlton. Little survived its abandonment after the Black Death except the church and the castle, both now partially ruined. On any but a sunny day, Holy Cross Church can be a disturbing place, with its avenue of yew trees leading to the arches of the nave, now open to the skies. The chancel is roofed, and a flap in the doorway allows you to look inside to see a fine early 14th-century oak figure of a knight. It is probably Nicholas, Lord Maynell, who fought with Edward I in Wales and hunted in the woods here. The gatehouse of Maynell's castle, just along the road, is the only substantial part left. It was built at the end of the 14th century, and was besieged 250 years later during the Civil War. You can still see on the walls the marks of cannon balls from the Parliamentarians' guns. East of the castle, which occupied more than 6 acres (2.4 ha), are further earthworks, designed to protect the fortified village.

With the church on your left, walk down the village street to the right of the stream. Continue walking past a sign that says 'Unsuitable for Buses and Coaches' and go straight ahead uphill. As the road bends to the right, bear left up the track that lies ahead.

Go through a gate and turn left to join the waymarkers for the Cleveland Way. Walk through the woodland, turning left just after a seat, down to a gate. The footpath goes downhill to another gate into woodland. Cross the stream on the footbridge to reach a lane, with another footbridge, over Scugdale Beck. 

Follow the lane past Hollin Hill Farm to a T-junction with a post box. Cross the lane and go through a Cleveland Way-signed gate. Walk up the path beside woodland to a gate (there's a view of the valley from this ridge).

The path beyond bends right to a gate and goes onto a paved track, climbing steeply in the wood. Go straight ahead at a crossing track to another gate, and continue to follow the paved path through a gate up to the heather moorland. After the first summit the path descends beyond a large and a small cairn into a dip. Where the paved path ends, take a narrow path off to the left, down through the heather.

After about 100yds (91m) you will reach a concrete post. Bear left and follow the narrow path down a ridge between gullies, descending to a signpost. Go straight on, eventually going over a spoil heap to reach a gate on your right.

Through the gate, go straight down the hill through woodland. At the bottom go ahead to cross a stile by a gate and go down the track. Just after the first house on the left, take a footpath over two stiles.

Walk up through the woodland onto a track. Turn left, and left again at another path, which soon becomes a track. At a T-junction, turn left again and follow the track downhill to a pair of kissing gates. Go straight ahead along the track, signed 'Whorlton'.

Go through a metal handgate and follow the track along the hillside. After a kissing gate with steps beyond, turn left at the bottom and follow the field-edge. Bear right to go over a stile by a gate and beside a paddock to another gateway onto a metalled lane. Turn right. Follow the lane past Whorlton Church and the castle back to Swainby village.